Hod 1000 Mid-Term Study Guide

HOD 1000 Midterm Study Guide 2. 28. 12 Tips 1 neck Lecture 2 Know how they are applicable 3 Know Lemme 4 Take the streamlet carefully 50 multiple choice questions a. Underline the all-important(a) words like i. All, Nothing or N aneLemme * Look for frameworks on development * flummoxs for Understanding information * Trait Model * Be aware of what the 5 signs look upon * Openness and Agreeableness egotism & indistinguishability 3 things determine importance of Memories 1 Frequency a How often something occurs 2 Duration 3 Intensity Internal Working ModelThe intrinsic working model is how we view/what we believe well-nigh ourselves, others and the world. It makes what we expect of and from ourselves, others and the world in common and directs how we react. It begins to form as soon as we are born and is base on experiences with others and the unwrapcomes of our efforts. An infant that experiences persist going ab engagement or neglect can develop a negative internal working model that says no one cares about me, I am unlovable, plenty who are suppose to love me only when hurt or reject me, it doesnt matter what I do or say it is ineffective or not good enough, I ant trust people as one time they are pure and the next time they are mean. etc. If this model of ego, others and the world and how things work is not corrected the firmness may be a kidskin or adult that has low self-esteem, is oerly dependent or independent, overreacts to situations, sabotages human relationships, jobs and/successes, gives up easily, etc. Or an infant that receives consistent, responsive, attuned nurturing from his/her caregivers is most likely to develop a positive internal working model. SocioCultural Current Beliefs Goals Strategies keep Experience (affects them all)Beliefs In I. Self * Concepts * What you think of yourself as a whole * Efficacy * Confidence in what you do * Esteem * How you feel about yourself, as in self-worth * The more esteem you ha ve, the more efficacy you have * Not true, typically in the African-American universe based on discrimination * backbreaking in- aggroup/out-group bias can contribute to low self-efficacy II. Others 3 Domains 1 All People 2 Groups of People 3 Specific Individuals III. World 1 Overall Views 2 Explanation of outcomes 3 Making sense of the world, making bring and effect relationships Goals 4 Domains corporal well- macrocosm a bank for safety, comfort and pleasure 2 Personal Competence b Desire for substance and success 3 relative Closeness c Desire for friendship, love, and word sense 4 Self-Transcendence d Desire for meaning and a lasting contribution to the world, or whatever you deem necessary e Mitch Albom (Tuesdays with Morrie) is scatty the Self-Transcendence Strategies 4 domains 1 Affect Regulation a Coping with anxiety, emotions 2 Interpersonal Skills b lively listening, etc 3 Problem Solving 4 Task Management strategy * This is how you organize data in the world 2 tracks of using that information 1 Assimilation a Putting the wise information into already-existing categories b Al airs try to assimilate over accommodate 2 Accommodation c When you have to change your schema to fit the new information * Equilibration is * A sense of cognitive conformity or balance * People desire this, to bring (or keep) their agreement in hunting lodge. If not * Disequilibration results * The major pulsation for cognitive development info inconsistent with our existing worldview disrupts equilibration, placing us in an unpleasant cognitive maintain ( participation, dissonance, inconsistency)Cognitive Functioning Self-Concepts * Closure * Permanence * Once you figure something out, you stay that way. * Urgency (associated with Permanence) Bio-Psycho-Social-Spiritual Dimensions of Goals MEMORIZE IT Needs Desires Fears Physical Well-Being Safety & Security Health, comfort, pleasure Death, pain, suffering Personal Competence Esteem Power, success, accomplish ments Helplessness, inadequacy, failure Relational Closeness Belonging Friendship, love, intimacy Rejection, engulfment Self-Transcendence Purpose Generativity, service, God Hopelessness, meaninglessnessFrom Lemme Equation for Self-Esteem Self-Esteem = Self Concept / Ideal Self Difference betwixt Reliability and validity (pg. 13) Reliablity * Consistency or stability over time * Will the results obtained be consistent if the study is done again, or are they deflect by some fluctuating factor, such that we cannot arrive at the same mystifyings in all akin(predicate) situations? * Problems with reliability must be resolved in order to have confidence in findings severity * The degree to which your experimental results can be applied to external population Terms that connect instanter to things in razz * Looking Glass Self * Take others perceptions of you to formulate your own self notion Generalized Other (p 78) * We begin to take the perspective of society and its values and expectations in judging ourselves * Basically, incorporating social standards into our sense of self Eriksons 8 Stages of Development 1 Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1) 2 shore leave vs. Doubt (1-3) 3 Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) 4 Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) 5 Identity vs. social occasion Confusion (12-20) Related to ones commitment to occupation, religious beliefs and political ideology and whether or not those commitments have been made after a period of exploration or crisis b James Marcia added the domains of gender-role attitudes and beliefs about sexual expression 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40) c Developing capacity for close propose relationships without losing ones sense of self d Dependent on the existence of a hearty identity ( former stage) e In not resolved, leads to loneliness and isolation 7 Generativity vs. Self-Absorption (40-65) A concern for early generations and society as a whole g Midlife transition h Psychological origins are in adolescence and young adulth ood i Periodic longing for meaning and purpose that is outward focused and which occurs end-to-end adolescence and adulthood 8 Integrity vs. Despair (65+) j Integrity refers to the ability to look back over life with satisfaction and little or no regrets i Acceptance of death ii Saying goodbye to loved ones iii Finishing the race with dignity k Despair hold bitterness and regret over life Thither is a sense of fear and despair as one approaches m 4 types of Generativity Articles * Why the Self is Empty * What does Media/Advertising suggest people use to fill up their alter self? Consumption of material goods Psychotherapy * rising Adulthood * Extending statement * Marriage Late * Incr traveld Life Expectancy The Forgotten Half Who comprises the Forgotten Half? pellucid Life 1. Meaningful a. Goal domain Self Transcendence b. Strategies Increase Generativity (from Eriksons 8 stages) 2. perceivable 3. Manageable I. Identity Development LectureCritical Models to Understand Alt ernatives 1. Bronfenbrenners clays Theory a. In the Middle you have you, wherefore the MicroSystem (tend to be Dyadic) next Meso, fundamental interaction amidst the domains (the way work environs affects your nursing home environment, visa versa) then, EXOsystem (things that influence your microsystems might not have direct influence though) Lastly, MACROsystem Society, how it has scripts, norms, blueprints for how things should go 2. Levinson b. Know what the major stages are and their put in c. Although, exact age questions will probably not be in the exam d.Dont expire too much time, initially, on this 3. Marsha e. Diffusionno commitment, no crisis, not acknowledging a problem f. curtain call closurecomittment, but not crisisyouve taken a value some go into else. This is the way things are. An uncritical acceptance of a value or belief. g. Moratoriumcrisis, no commitment. Youre evaluating beliefs and values you have. If you want to keep them or find others. Achievementcomm itment and crisis. You can be critical of beliefs goals and values without it affecting your identity h. 2 Forces acting on you are i. Crisis ii. Commitment . Understand the characteristics of people in each of those stages be able to place a described person into one of those stages and know how you can move them 4. Eriksons 8 Stages of Development i. Throughout a lifetime, each person moves through the 8 stages j. Movement from one to another is based on a crisis or a conflict k. If not, you get stuck in that stage and cant move on l. Arguments against it iii. Its generalized m. adhesion Styles iv. n.Stress brings out one of these two hateful qualities v. hard Attached-Healthy relationships, trust people but not naive about it vi. secern 5. TRAIT Model p 67 o. Know what traits are generally about p. Collectivism v. Individualism vii. Collectivism-Little individual thought, for the good of the group and not necessarily for the good of the person. Chinese Society viii. Individ ualism-Individualist Society. American Society ix. Fits into the MACROsystem section of Systems Theory Emerging AdulthoodDetached/AvoidantDifferentiated/SecureDiffused/Anxious-Ambiv. Family Systems Lecture 1. Life Forces a. Differentiation Begin independent, making yourself different from people around you b. Togetherness Fitting in v. Standing Out c. Pseudo Self-Extremes Detached, Diffused d. A lot of significance of close and family relationships 2. Family Roles (Chart with lecture notes is great ) e. Hero, First-Born Fear of failure over-controlled f. Scapegoat, 2nd Born Fear of rejection, shame, Wants to stand out from oldest, Tend to lean to the avoidant side of the scale g.Lost Child-Middle child syndrome, Unable to express feelings, Witness the battle amid siblings and parents, Introverted h. Mascot Youngest, Hides pain with humor, immature, feels inadequate, Instead of withdrawing from tension, they try to ease it with humor, to a greater extent anxious ambivalent 3. Influe nces on Family System i. Direct Parents yell at you j. Indirect Watching parents yell at sibling k. Reciprocal The way you affect your parents influence never goes one way i. As youre being yelled at by your parents, the way you respond impacts your parents 2 Types of misgiving . Chronic Ongoing, Nagging feeling that something will go wrong or that youre just wrong in general, Produced in family systems with a lot of conflict, Pushes you to either be fused or avoidant 2. Acute Limited normal, Will disappear with the not-so-serious situation, Ways to Bind Anxiety 1. Healthy Exercising, lecture to someone, using reflective skills 2. Unhealthy Eating disorders, physical manifestations of symptoms (headaches, stomach aches) Highly Differentiated People Secure, self-directed, Responsible for selfWhat is a Triangle Basic way to look at a relationship is a dyad but when instability occurs, theres a tendency to bring in a 3rd party. Using them, straight, to diffuse the problem is a bad thing Ways to De-Triangle 1. emotionally Neutral, Supportive, nimble Listening, Facilitating Problem Solving, Encouragement a. Worse thing to do Oh, let me talk to them FOR you. 2. Active Listening, Paraphrasing, take on some of their claims back to them to help them regard, Probing, Asking questions to do a bit more door enterprisingness Cognitive DistortionsCheck Bainey for Listening Skill Clusters Barriers to Active Listening HOD 1000 Review Session * Memorization and cover * Achieved in their identity vs. centrally attached * How to apply the lecture material * Dont egest too much time on ageism * Model for understanding development is more importanttrait model * 50 MCQ * Look out for not * Underline important words all, zip fastener, not * If talking about mom, maybe it has to do with attachment * Memorize 5 traits what they refer to. What does openness mean?Dont need to know all 7 measurements of openness. Whats the difference between harmonic and openness? First 3 lectures, questions * Self and Identity * The Internal Working Model * Socio-cultural * Current beliefs, goals, strategiesactions=Life Experience * Past experiences-3 things determine importance * Frequency * Duration * Intensity * They determine how much previous experiences have a bearing on goals, beliefs, strategies. Beliefs=self, others and the world * Self concept, efficacy, esteem Concept what you think of yourself as a whole, esteem how you feel about yourself/self-worth, efficacy is confidence in what you can do * More esteem, more efficacy you have except in the African-American populationdue to discrimination * Strong in group-out group bias, you can develop high self-worth within group, but negative stereotypes in environment and their impact on opportunities affects efficacy * Others people in general, groups of people, individuals * World overall view, explanation of outcomes (making sense of the world, cause and effect relationships, predicting/avoiding grammatical c ases) * Goals=physical well-being, personal competence, relational closeness, self-transcendence. Mitch is missing self-transcendence * Strategies=affect regulations (dealing with emotions), interpersonal skills, problem-solving, task management * Schema * Thats how you organize knowledge about the world. You have to put all the knowledge youve taken in * Assimilation and accommodation AssimilationPutting new info into existing categories * People prefer this/to keep things way they are. Equilibrium * Cognitive dissonancethings dont fit togetherdesire equilibration and order * Accomchange your schema * Self-Concept page 82 Out of cognitive function people seek closure, permanence, and fatality * Know the 4 goal domainsneeds, desires, fears related to them (physical well-being, bio, pscyho something) * Equation for self-esteem=self-concept/ideal self * Difference between reliability and validity p. 13 * Looking glass self and generalized other they connect forthwith to stuff in the lecture * Re-read the empty self People use media, advertising, etc to fill up the empty self, psychotherapy, goods * A coherent life meaningful, comprehensible, and manageable * Strategies to conduct a meaningful life generativty vs. self-absorption (Erikson) * Reflection, comprehensible (can you understand world around you in a way theres peace) Lecture 2 Identity Development * Bronfrenbrenner * You in the middle surrounded by microsystem of didactic relationships (any people you interact with on a day-to-day level directly) * Outside of this is mesointeraction between different domains. Way you work environment affects home environment. Microsystems are interacting.Noisy roommatecranky in class * Exo systemthings that influence your microsystemsmight not have direct interaction with. CEO and mail room person. * Macro systemsociety has blueprints * Levinsonknow the major stages and its order * tall(a) itll be age, but who knows * Marsha 2 forces acting on you are crisis and comm itment * Understand the characteristics of people hereif you were given a person as example know how to place them * Foreclosuremoratorium. A big event could challenge their beliefs and they havent resolved it yet * Need to be able to move between models * Eriksons 8 stages of development p. 48 Lemme Throughout life, each person moves through stages * Movement from one to another is based on a crisis or conflict * If you dont, you get stuck and cant move on * Critiques its generalized, theres no general frame for development * Attachment styles The strange situation experiment * Avoidantsecure-anxious ambivalent * Stress brings out one of these two undesirable characteristics * Securely attachedhealthy relationships/balance, differentiated * Avoidant=detached, secure=differentiated, anxious ambivalent=fused * P. 67 trait modelknow what traits are generally about * Collectivism vs. individualism * Operates in the macro system Emerging adulthoodwhy is adulthood emerging later in peopl e now? * increase education, marriage later, increased life expectancy, etc. * The forgotten halfwho are they? Why are they left, what are the implications * No trigger word for his momalways been that way means its probably a trait Lecture 3 Family Systems * What are the two life forces operating? Differentiation and togetherness * Differentiationbeing independent, making yourself different from people around you * Togethernessfitting in vs. standing out * Pseudo self=extremes. Detached, fused * A lot of significance of close and family relationships * 4 family roleshero, scape goat, lost child, mascot Lost childquiet, observant, inwardly focused, sees battle between hero and scapegoat. Goes into it but doesnt get involved. * Mascotinstead of withdrawing, they try to ease it with humorprobs more anxious * See lecture notes * 3 kinds of influencedirect, indirect, and reciprocal * Parents yell at you, watching them yell at your siblings, as youre being yelled at the way you respond impacts your parents * 2 types of anxietychronic and acute * Chronic anxiety produced in systems with a lot of conflict and that pushes you to be fused or detached * Cognitive distortions Over gen, mind reading, all or nothing * Binding techniques for anxiety Unhealthyalcohol, drugs, cutting, eating disorders, headaches/stomach aches, ways you respond to anxiety * Healthyexercising, talking about it, reflecting, taking a nap, * List of things that highly differentiated people are in the lecture notes * Need to know them * Triangle * Two people have a conflict and go to a third person to diffuse tension * Instability in that relationbringing someone else in to use them directly is unhealthy * 5 components of DE triangulating * Emotional neutralitydont take sides * Being supportive * Active listening * Facilitating problem-solving * Encouragementresolve within the dyad * let me talk to them for you NO wrong meh * Paraphrasing and searchingrepeating back what was said and asking questi ons * Baney listening skill clusters and barriers to active listeningJesse never calls home doesnt want to explain grade afraid of disappointing them * Both chronic and acute * Which of these is not a way ppl try to bind anxietyusing drugs, over studying, hanging out with friends, alcohol,, none of the above, b and c * Answer was none of the above Ladder of inference Race and ethnicitydifference in way Martias identity status is organized Healthy outcome for achievement of minoritybicultural achievement skill to adapt to different situations as a protective measure. Others should embrace equality and differences. Diffusion and foreclosuremoratoriumachievement Categorization and appellative * Automatic, based on stereotypes, includes a prototype